CONTRAST SENSITIVITY CSV-1000 NORMS

CONTRAST VALUES FOR THE CSV-1000E:
The following tables show the contrast sensitivity scores for the CSV-1OOOE for both linear and log values. For statistical analysis, use of the log values is recommended.

Contrast Sensitivity Values for the CSV-1OOOE:

	S	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Row (CPD)
A (3.0)	5	10	15	22	31	43	61	85	120
B (6.0)	8	16	24	36	50	70	99	138	193
C (12.0)	4	8	12	18	25	35	50	70	99
D (18.0)	1.5	3	4.5	7	9.5	13	18	25	36

Contrast Sensitivity Values for the CSV-1OOOE in Log Units:

	S	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Row (CPD)
A (3.0)	.70	1	1.17	1.34	1.49	1.63	1.78	1.93	2.08
B (6.0)	.91	1.21	1.38	1.55	1.70	1.84	1.99	2.14	2.29
C (12.0)	.61	.91	1.08	1.25	1.40	1.54	1.69	1.84	1.99
D (18.0)	.17	.47	.64	.81	.96	1.10	1.25	1.4	1.55

No zero value exists on a logarithmic scale. For research purposes, do not enter a zero in your data if the patient cannot see the first grating (sample grating). To obtain a log value if no gratings are visible, subtract .3 log from the lowest score on the row (i.e. Row A .4, Row B .61, Row C .31 and Row D -.13).

Population Norms
(Children Age Group: 6 - 10 and 11 - 19 Years of Age):

The table below provides population normal values for children between the ages of 6 to 10 years old and 11 to 19 years old. This data was collected as part of a larger study in which Prof J. Krasny and colleagues from the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital in the Czech Republic studied the usefulness of the CSV-1000 to detect early ocular changes in children.*

Ages 6 to 10

Spatial Frequency	Average	Standard Deviation
Row A (3 cpd)	1.82 (Contrast level 6)	.13
Row B (6 cpd)	2.04 (Contrast level 6)	.14
Row C (12 cpd)	1.74 (Contrast level 6)	.11
Row D (18 cpd)	1.29 (Contrast level 6)	.11

Ages 11 to 19

Spatial Frequency	Average	Standard Deviation
Row A (3 cpd)	1.92 (Contrast level 6)	.09
Row B (6 cpd)	2.19 (Contrast level 7)	.12
Row C (12 cpd)	1.89 (Contrast level 7)	.10
Row D (18 cpd)	1.42 (Contrast level 7)	.12

* Čes. a slov. Oftal., 62, 2006, No. 6, p. 372 - 380.

Population Norms
(Younger Age Group: 20 - 55 Years of Age):

The following tables show data collected as base line (preoperative) measurements in an FDA clinical trial for refractive surgery. These results are based on the evaluation of 156 normal eyes (79 patients) with an age range of 21 - 55 years of age (36.6 yo + 9.02 years). Average preoperative acuity for these patients was 20/16 + 2.35 (number of letters: 45.07 + 3.08).

Photopic Conditions

Spatial Frequency	Log Average (Contrast Level)	Standard Deviation
Row A (3 cpd)	1.84 (6.38)	.14 (0.93)
Row B (6 cpd)	2.09 (6.67)	.16 (1.08)
Row C (12 cpd)	1.76 (6.46)	.17 (1.15)
Row D (18 cpd)	1.33 (6.50)	.19 (1.31)

Mesopic Conditions

Spatial Frequency	Log Average (Contrast Level)	Standard Deviation
Row A (3 cpd)	1.61 (4.85)	.21 (1.43)
Row B (6 cpd)	1.66 (3.77)	.23 (1.50)
Row C (12 cpd)	1.08 (2.33)	.32 (1.56)
Row D (18 cpd)	0.56 (1.97)	.35 (1.52)

Population Norms*
(Older Age Group: 50 - 75 Years of Age):

Spatial Frequency	Average	Standard Deviation
Row A (3 cpd)	1.56 (Contrast level 4)	.15
Row B (6 cpd)	1.80 (Contrast level 5)	.165
Row C (12 cpd)	1.50 (Contrast level 5)	.15
Row D (18 cpd)	.93 (Contrast level 4)	.25

*Pomerance G, Evans D. Test-Retest Reliability of the CSV-1000 Contrast Test and Its Relationship to Glaucoma Therapy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994. 35(9); 3357-3361.

Test for 1.5 cycles/degree for evaluation of mesopic contrast sensitivity or low vision

The CSV-1000-1.5cpd is a special test face designed for FDA clinical trials and for low vision assessment. The following provides the answer key for this test face and the contrast values in log units.

Answer Key

S	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
	B	A	A	B	B	B	A	B

Contrast Sensitivity Values for the CSV-1000-1.5cpd in Log Units

S	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
.60	.90	1.07	1.22	1.37	1.52	1.67	1.82	1.97

The CSV-1000-1.5cpd has been adopted for the FDA clinical trials to evaluate mesopic contrast sensitivity testing and mesopic glare sensitivity testing for refractive surgery and certain intraocular lenses (IOLs). If there are any questions concerning the use of the CSV-1000 instrument for mesopic contrast or glare testing, please contact us.

Plotting a Contrast Sensitivity Curve:
Most commercially available contrast sensitivity tests provide measures for 4 or 5 size bar patterns (spatial frequencies). Each of these spatial frequencies is presented at 8 to 10 contrast levels. To plot the curve, simply determine the highest contrast sensitivity level a patient can detect for each spatial frequency. The curve on the right shows an example for the CSV-1000 contrast sensitivity test.

On row A of the CSV-1000, the highest contrast sensitivity level the patient can detect is level 5. On row B, the highest level is 7. On row C and D the highest levels are 6 and 5, respectively. To plot the curve, check the number 5 in column A, 7 in column B, 6 in column C and 5 in column D. Connect these check marks and the result is a contrast sensitivity curve.

Visit other parts of our website to determine how this curve can be used to assess cataracts, glaucoma, diabetes, refractive surgery, contact lenses, etc.

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